Albania
30 August 2023
Where history and nature converge
In this captivating corner of the Balkans, a tapestry - as intricate and diverse as its population - unfolds. Spanning about 28,700 square kilometres, this small nation wears its geographical diversity proudly, from the rugged peaks of untouched mountains to the tranquil shores of its Mediterranean beaches.
Home to around 2.8 million people, Albania stands as a microcosm of diversity within the Balkan Peninsula. Languages in Albania weave a colourful tapestry of cultural diversity, reflecting the nation's history as a crossroads of civilisations. The official language of Albania is Albanian, a language with distinct Gheg and Tosk dialects that have evolved over centuries. These dialects are more than linguistic variations; they are a reflection of the regional differences that have shaped Albania's rich cultural landscape. Religion, an integral part of Albanian life, harmoniously weaves Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Catholicism. Amidst the ancient ruins and modern cities, you'll find places of worship that stand as symbols of both spiritual devotion and cultural identity.
As you venture through Albania, take in the sights at bustling urban centres like Tirana, where you'll encounter a fascinating blend of history, culture, and contemporary energy that encapsulates the country’s journey from the past to the present. Discover pristine beaches on the Albanian Riviera, where the water is as cool as the sand is warm. And among it all, find ancient ruins like Butrint rising up to tell tales of civilisations long gone.
In Albania, every corner has a story to tell, every vista a lesson to impart. Get lost in the endless layers of this dynamic nation as you uncover its varied history.
What makes Albania, Albania?
1. Archaeological wonders abound
Embark on a journey through time as you explore Albania's archaeological wonders and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. From the ancient city of Butrint to the Ottoman elegance of Gjirokastër and Berat, Albania's landscapes hold a treasure trove of cultural and historical riches waiting to be discovered.
Uncover the layers of history that have shaped Albania’s identity, as you walk in the footsteps of ancient philosophers, rulers, and ordinary citizens. Each stone, each structure, and each artefact carries with it the weight of centuries. From the grandeur of amphitheaters to the serenity of Ottoman bridges, these sites are not merely relics of the past; they are gateways to understanding the complexities of the human experience. The harmonious blend of influences, the stories of triumph and tribulation, and the enduring spirit of resilience converge in these hallowed grounds, painting a vivid portrait of Albania's cultural mosaic.
Butrint
Among these treasures, Butrint reigns supreme—an ancient city hidden among a lush lagoon and verdant landscapes. Here, the remnants of a Greek theatre, Roman baths, a Byzantine basilica, and medieval walls coexist, offering a kaleidoscopic view of civilisations that have left their indelible mark over 2,500 years.
As you explore Butrint's ancient grounds, you'll find yourself transported through time. The remnants of a Greek theatre stand as a reminder of amphitheater performances from eras long gone, where echoes of ancient dramas still linger in the air. Wander through Roman baths, where once the elite indulged in opulent relaxation, and marvel at the intricate mosaics that dance across the floors, telling tales of an artistic past.
The graceful arches of a Byzantine basilica rise against the sky, a testament to the enduring influence of faith. This sacred space carries within its stones the stories of devotion and worship that have echoed through the ages. Butrint's medieval defensive walls stand as guardians of time, their stone battlements recalling an era of fortification and strategic importance.
But the magic of Butrint extends beyond its structures. The site's natural beauty is equally captivating, as the tranquil lagoon and the harmonious coexistence of flora and fauna remind us that history and nature can intertwine in harmony.
Fun fact: Albania was one of the last places in Europe to adopt Christianity as its official religion. It officially converted in the 4th century AD, making it unique in the context of the region's history.
Gjirokastër & Berat
Gjirokastër and Berat, two enchanting cities of Albania, stand as living chronicles of the past, where time seems to slow down and history's whispers echo through cobbled streets and Ottoman-era architecture.
Gjirokastër, known as the "City of Stone," offers a journey back in time as you meander through its labyrinthine alleys. The stone houses that line the streets exude a medieval charm, their weathered facades telling stories of generations past. The city's crown jewel is Gjirokastër Castle, perched atop a hill like a sentinel watching over the town. This fortress not only offers panoramic views of the city and its surroundings but also houses the Museum of Armaments, where an impressive collection of weapons and artefacts narrate Albania's martial history. Cross the elegant Ottoman Bridge of Gjirokastër, a stone testament to engineering mastery. Dating back to the 18th century, this bridge not only connects lands but also links the present to an era of Ottoman artistry.
Meanwhile, Berat, often referred to as the "City of a Thousand Windows," boasts an architectural ensemble that spans centuries. Its well-preserved Ottoman-era buildings, painted in shades of white and ochre, create an enchanting tapestry of design. The city's castle, a UNESCO-inscribed site, is a living testament to Berat's rich past. Inside its walls, you'll discover medieval churches, Ottoman-era mosques, and the Onufri National Museum, which houses a dazzling collection of religious icons and art.
Both cities share a deep sense of cultural identity, where the fusion of diverse influences has shaped their unique characters. Gjirokastër's legacy extends to its most famous son, Enver Hoxha, the former communist leader, whose birthplace is now a museum that offers insight into the country's recent history. Berat, on the other hand, is a harmonious blend of faiths, where mosques and churches coexist side by side, embodying the spirit of inter-religious tolerance.
Apollonia
Apollonia is a historical gem nestled within the Albanian landscape. This archaeological site offers a captivating glimpse into a bygone era, where the lives of philosophers, artists, and citizens of antiquity intermingled.
Founded by Greek colonists in the 7th century BC, Apollonia quickly grew into a hub of culture, learning, and commerce. As you explore its hallowed grounds, you'll encounter remnants of a thriving metropolis that once stood as a beacon of intellectual and artistic achievement.
The centrepiece of Apollonia is its well-preserved Greek theatre, a testament to the love of drama that permeated ancient society. Imagine the harmonious sounds of actors and chorus reverberating against the stone seats as they brought ancient stories to life, fostering the birth of theatre as we know it today.
Stroll through the imposing façade of the Bouleuterion, an assembly hall where citizens gathered to discuss matters of governance and policy. Stand in awe before the monumental Temple of Artemis, dedicated to the goddess of the hunt and fertility, and envision the rituals that once took place within its sacred precincts.
The Odeon, a smaller theatre-like structure, attests to Apollonia's commitment to the arts. It was here that music and poetry flourished, and intellectuals engaged in spirited debates that shaped the cultural landscape of the time.
Amidst the ruins of Apollonia, the remains of ancient homes offer insight into daily life. Wander through the streets, and you'll discover the remains of houses, fountains, and even a well-preserved mosaic depicting the mythical battle of Achilles and Hector.
Apollonia's legacy transcends its borders, as it was not only a centre of Hellenistic culture but also a melting pot of Roman and Byzantine influences. The site's rich tapestry reflects the passage of time, the interplay of civilisations, and the enduring allure of knowledge and art.
2. A well-brewed coffee culture
Coffee culture in Albania is an integral part of daily life, woven into the fabric of social interactions, gatherings, and moments of relaxation. More than just a beverage, coffee holds a special place in Albanian tradition and hospitality.
The act of sharing a cup of coffee transcends the simple act of drinking. It's a ritual that fosters connections, strengthens bonds, and nurtures relationships. In fact, the Albanian expression "Do you want to go for a coffee?" doesn't just mean a desire for caffeine; it's an invitation to engage in meaningful conversation and spend quality time together.
Albanian coffee is typically prepared using the "Turkish" or "Ottoman" method, which involves finely ground coffee beans boiled in water with sugar (optional) in a small pot called a "cezve" or "džezva." The result is a strong and rich brew served in small cups called "fildish."
What makes Albanian coffee culture truly unique is the concept of "xhiro," which translates to "a stroll." It's common to see people of all ages gathering in cafés, sipping their coffee, and engaging in leisurely conversation. These cafés often spill out onto sidewalks, creating a lively atmosphere where people watch the day go by, exchange stories, and connect with both old friends and new acquaintances.
The café is not just a place to enjoy coffee; it's a social hub where people from different walks of life come together. Whether discussing politics, sharing stories, or simply savouring the moment, the café serves as a space for open dialogue and a crossroads of cultures.
Albanian coffee culture isn't confined to a specific time of day; it's an integral part of daily life. It's not uncommon to find cafés bustling with activity from morning until late at night. And while coffee is at the centre of this cultural phenomenon, the true essence lies in the connections forged, the stories exchanged, and the sense of community that blooms over each cup.
So, when in Albania, don't just order a coffee – immerse yourself in the culture, take part in the conversations, and experience the warmth of Albanian hospitality that flows with every sip.
Fun fact: Albania is one of the world's top olive oil producers. Olive cultivation has a long history in the country, and the oil is a staple in Albanian cuisine.
3. The most incredible mountain ranges
Albania's mountains are where nature's grandeur unfolds in a symphony of peaks, valleys, and untamed beauty. Nestled within the Balkan Peninsula, Albania's mountain ranges are a haven for adventurers seeking solace in nature's embrace. From the rugged Albanian Alps to the mystical Tomorr Mountain, these towering landscapes are home to an abundance of awe-inspiring vistas. Each mountain range offers a unique journey, a passage through time, and a chance to connect with the heart of Albania.
The Albanian Alps
The Albanian Alps, known as the "Bjeshkët e Namuna" or "Accursed Mountains," are a rugged and awe-inspiring range that forms a natural boundary between Albania, Montenegro, and Kosovo. These mountains are a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, hikers, and nature lovers, offering a breathtaking landscape that captivates the senses and challenges the adventurous spirit.
With peaks soaring over 2,000 meters (6,500 feet), the Albanian Alps boast an enchanting array of jagged peaks, deep valleys, pristine glacial lakes, and alpine meadows. The Theth and Valbona valleys, accessible by both hiking and driving, serve as gateways to this remarkable region. Here, traditional stone houses dot the landscape, offering a glimpse into the timeless way of life that has thrived amidst the mountains for centuries.
Renowned for their hiking trails, The Accursed Mountains have everything from leisurely strolls to challenging treks that will take you to the heart of their untamed beauty. Hikers can explore paths that lead to remote villages, hidden waterfalls, and crystalline lakes that mirror the azure sky above. The Valbona Pass, one of the most famous routes, connects the Valbona and Theth valleys and offers panoramic vistas that make every step a reward.
The Dinaric Alps
The Dinaric Alps, a rugged and picturesque mountain range, extend along the western edge of the Balkan Peninsula, embracing the Adriatic coastline of several countries, including Albania. These mountains are a hidden gem, offering a diverse and captivating landscape that ranges from towering peaks to serene lakes and limestone cliffs.
Stretching across Albania's eastern border, the Dinaric Alps are characterised by their limestone terrain, which has shaped the landscape in unique ways. Deep gorges, hidden caves, and clear lakes are scattered throughout the region; a haven for adventurers and nature enthusiasts. Discover Lake Ohrid: a hidden gem among the alps, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared between Albania and North Macedonia. This ancient lake is one of the oldest and deepest in Europe, renowned for its crystal-clear waters and exceptional biodiversity. Its shores are lined with charming towns and villages that have preserved their traditional architecture and way of life.
Hiking trails crisscross the Dinaric Alps, offering the perfect opportunity to explore its diverse ecosystems and discover its natural wonders. The Valbona Pass, part of the Peaks of the Balkans trail, takes trekkers on a journey through pristine landscapes, where alpine meadows, glacial valleys, and snow-capped peaks paint a picture of serene beauty.
The Korab Mountain Range
Named after the majestic Mount Korab, the Korab Mountain Range stands as a testament to Albania's natural grandeur. Mount Korab holds the distinction of being the highest peak not only in Albania but also in North Macedonia. This mountain range stretches along the border between the two countries, creating a dramatic and awe-inspiring landscape that captivates both the eye and the heart.
Reaching heights of over 2,700 meters (8,900 feet), Mount Korab's snow-capped summit commands breathtaking panoramic views that stretch across borders, inviting trekkers to embark on an unforgettable journey. The climb to the top rewards adventurers with an unparalleled sense of achievement and the chance to stand on the roof of both nations, taking in vistas that span from the lush valleys to the distant horizon.
The slopes of the Korab Mountain Range are a tapestry of alpine landscapes, glacial valleys, and a rich biodiversity. The landscape transitions from dense forests to alpine meadows adorned with vibrant wildflowers, making it a haven for hikers and photographers alike. As you traverse the serene trails of this mountain range, you'll find yourself enveloped in a world where time seems to slow down, and the beauty of nature takes centre stage.
The Tomorr Mountain
The Tomorr Mountain rises with a sense of spiritual majesty near the city of Berat. Rising approximately 2,416 meters (7,927 feet) above sea level, Tomorr is a place of tranquility and reverence for many Albanians. This isn't just a geographic wonder; it's a realm of cultural significance and historical resonance. Revered by locals and visitors alike, Tomorr is a sacred ascent that leads not only to stunning vistas but also to a deeper understanding of the rich history that forms the foundation of Albania’s beliefs and traditions today.
Legend has it that the ancient Illyrian god of sun and healing, Tomor, once called this mountain home. Follow the footsteps of countless pilgrims, drawn to the mountain’s spiritual energy for centuries, as you embark on the journey up the mountain. Endless hiking trails will take you on winding paths through forests, with the end result being immensely satisfying panoramic views at the summit.
The slopes of Tomorr Mountain are adorned with monasteries, churches, and sacred sites, forming a pilgrimage route that effortlessly marries nature and faith. These places of worship carry stories of devotion and the eternal quest for understanding by mankind. The tranquility of the landscape makes it the perfect place to pause and reflect.
Good to know: About 38% of Albania's territory is covered by forests, making it one of the most forested countries in Europe. This provides habitats for diverse plant and animal species.
4. A vibrant capital city
Tirana, the vibrant capital city of Albania, is a captivating blend of history, culture, and modernity that pulses with energy and life. It's a city that has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from its humble beginnings to become the beating heart of the nation.
At the centre of Tirana lies Skanderbeg Square, named after Albania's national hero who led the resistance against the Ottoman Empire. Here, you'll find the equestrian statue of Skanderbeg, surrounded by elegant buildings that showcase various architectural styles, from neoclassical to socialist realist. The square serves as a hub of activity, where locals and visitors gather to celebrate, socialise, and take in the surrounding landmarks.
Tirana's architecture is a reflection of its history. The cityscape features a mix of communist-era structures, modern developments, and colourful facades that lend an eclectic charm to its streets.
The Pyramid of Tirana
The Pyramid of Tirana, standing proudly at the heart of Albania's capital, is no ordinary structure – it's a tale of history, politics, and architectural intrigue. Designed in the socialist-realist style by Enver Hoxha's daughter, this stepped pyramid boasts sharp angles and once gleamed with white marble. Initially built as a museum dedicated to Hoxha, the Pyramid shifted roles in the post-communist era, housing everything from a cultural centre to a nightclub. Its purpose, much like the nation it represents, evolved with the times.
Today, the Pyramid is more than a building; it's a living artefact, a canvas for street art that tells the story of Albania's journey from dictatorship to democracy. Amid debates about its future, this architectural curiosity stands as a symbol of resilience and transformation. It's a place where history is etched into every angle, where artistic expression melds with political significance, and where visitors can ponder the complex path Albania has traversed.
This isn’t just an architectural oddity – it’s the symbol of a nation's progression, a reflection of its challenges and triumphs, all wrapped up in a structure that defies easy categorisation. It's a testament to the power of change, the resilience of a people, and the intricate dance between past, present, and future.
Blloku
Step into the heart of Tirana's narrative, where history and modernity coexist, creating a captivating urban tapestry. Blloku, nestled at the heart of Tirana, is a neighbourhood that weaves a vibrant tapestry of history, modernity, and cultural allure. Once shrouded in mystery during Albania's communist era, this area has undergone a captivating transformation, blossoming from a restricted enclave into a hub of contemporary life. Once upon a time, it was a realm reserved exclusively for the communist elite & hidden from public view. Today, Blloku is a vibrant district, where abandoned mansions have metamorphosed into chic boutiques, inviting cafes, and lively restaurants.
Blloku's streets buzz with activity, day and night, as cafes spill over with animated conversations and laughter. From sun-soaked mornings to starlit evenings, the neighbourhood remains alive with energy. Dining in Blloku is an adventure, with an array of eateries serving up diverse flavours – both local and international. And as twilight settles, the neighbourhood dons a new cloak, turning into a vibrant nightlife destination, where stylish bars and venues fill the air with music and excitement.
Blloku is a creative canvas, adorned with vivid street art and murals that recount stories and embody the city's artistic spirit. Among it all, traces of history endure – the former residence of Enver Hoxha, now the House of Leaves Museum, serves as a reminder of Albania's past while embracing its evolving identity. Blloku mirrors Tirana's own transformation – a shift from a solitary past to an open, dynamic future. It encapsulates the city's resilience, its ability to reinvent spaces, and its vibrant spirit.
Tirana's cultural scene is also rich and vibrant. The National History Museum offers insights into Albania's past, while the National Gallery of Arts showcases the nation's creative spirit through an impressive collection of works. The city's parks, such as Rinia Park, provide green spaces for relaxation and leisure, while the Taiwan Complex stands as a monument to religious tolerance, with a mosque, a Catholic church, and an Orthodox church coexisting harmoniously.
Tirana is a city that invites exploration, where history meets modernity, where tradition embraces innovation, and where every corner reveals a new facet of its personality.
5. A captivating beach scene
Albania's beaches are a well-kept secret waiting to be discovered. Along its stunning coastline, you'll find a diverse range of beaches that offer something for every type of traveler, from those seeking tranquil relaxation to adventurers in search of water sports and exploration. Here's a glimpse into Albania's captivating beach scene:
Ksamil Beach
Ksamil Beach, often dubbed the "Albanian Caribbean," is a mesmerising slice of paradise nestled along the Albanian Riviera. Its shores boast a magnetic allure – the kind that transports you to a tropical reverie. The sands are soft, the waters are a mesmerising shade of turquoise, and the ambiance is a symphony of serenity. But what truly sets Ksamil apart are the Three Islands, an archipelago that seems straight out of a postcard. Each island is a miniature paradise in its own right, creating a tableau of exploration and relaxation that enhances the coastal magic. Ksamil Island, the largest and most accessible, offers sandy beaches where sun worshippers bask in the glow and snorkelers uncover the mysteries of the underwater world. Moura Island, with its rugged charm and lighthouse, is a photographer's dream, while Panagjuri Island adds a touch of mystique with its submerged church, inviting divers and snorkelers into an ethereal aquatic realm. These lush, emerald gems are just a boat ride away, each offering its unique charm – be it sandy beaches or rocky enclaves.
Dhermi Beach
Dhermi Beach is the perfect blend of untamed natural beauty and coastal tranquility. Towering cliffs plunge into the shimmering embrace of the Ionian Sea, creating a breathtaking panorama that seems almost surreal. But Dhermi is not content with just one guise; these imposing cliffs hide a series of secluded coves and pristine shores. Dhermi’s rugged terrain and craggy cliffs are a magnet for intrepid hikers and explorers, who traverse their heights and relish in breathtaking panoramic views. But Dhermi is not all about high-octane experiences – it gracefully balances this adventure with moments of blissful relaxation. The setting sun paints the skies with a mesmerising palette of colours, setting the stage for evenings filled with music, laughter, and camaraderie. And as the day draws to a close, the nearby village of Dhermi, with its historic charm and stone houses, offers a glimpse into the region's rich cultural heritage.
Gjipe Beach
Tucked away along the Albanian Riviera, Gjipe Beach is one of Albania’s truly hidden gems - the perfect challenge for those intrepid souls ready to embrace the road less traveled. Getting to this beach is an adventure that begins with a journey through rugged terrain and towering cliffs, a prelude to the pristine beauty that awaits. Gjipe's exclusivity is part of its charm – accessible by boat or a scenic hike, it rewards your efforts with a secluded paradise framed by nature's grandeur.
Gjipe's untouched nature creates a backdrop of serenity that allows you to disconnect from the modern world and connect with the elements. This is a place that encourages exploration and adventure. Rock climbers ascend the cliffs, hikers traverse trails to panoramic viewpoints, and adventurers uncover hidden lagoons that add an element of enchantment to the experience.
Palasa Beach
Palasa Beach, a coastal masterpiece along the Albanian Riviera, is a destination that unveils a captivating blend of nature's splendour and tranquil seclusion. Nestled between the soaring mountains and the azure waters of the Ionian Sea, this beach is a haven for those seeking an escape into untouched beauty. The drive to Palasa itself is an adventure, winding through picturesque landscapes that set the tone for the paradise that awaits.
Far from the bustling crowds of more popular destinations, this beach offers a space where you can truly unwind and connect with nature. The beach's expansive shoreline and clear blue waters create a serene atmosphere, interrupted only by the beach’s incredible backdrop of rugged mountains. These imposing cliffs provide the perfect playground for rock climbers and hikers, inviting you to ascend to new heights for insane panoramic views.
Palasa isn't just a sun-soaked haven – it's also a gateway to adventure. The towering cliffs that cradle the beach are a playground for rock climbers and hikers, inviting you to ascend to new heights for panoramic views that take your breath away. As the sun begins its descent, the beach transforms into a canvas of colours, offering you a front-row seat to a mesmerising sunset that leaves an indelible mark on your memory.
Good to know: Albania's coastline stretches for over 360 kilometers (224 miles) along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, offering numerous pristine beaches and hidden coves.
Good to know
If you plan to drive in Albania, you need to be experienced. Drivers in Albania tend to be impatient, crossing double continuous lines or overtaking at times when they don’t have priority. Be cautious and drive more carefully than you might normally.
Car or bus are the best ways to travel around the country. Public transport networks in Albania aren’t too great, so a car is often the most practical means of transport.
Cash is king in Albania, so make sure you have plenty on you.
Albania is generally safe for travellers. Foreigners are very rarely the target of violent crime, and although pickpocketing and scams do happen, they’re not as widespread as in other countries in Europe.
Avoid visiting in July or August - this is high season in Albania, so it will be hot and crowded. The best time to visit Albania is shoulder season (late March to early June or September through October) when the weather is pleasant both on the coast and in the mountains.
The most captivating destination
Albania is a truly unique place, where history and nature converge to create the most captivating destination. This is a place where UNESCO World Heritage Sites exist in abundance, cultural heritage is as diverse as the landscapes, and the people are as warm as the weather.
